Analysis of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 30 Essays

Investigation of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 30 Essays Investigation of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 30 Paper Investigation of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 30 Paper With Shakespeare’s 30th piece, apparently one of his most popular poems, the speaker presents a subject of discontent with life itself welcomed on by impression of pitiful recollections, which differentiates the topic of adoration present in the works going before it. This investigation of the new subject just goes on for a brief timeframe, as the speaker ‘turns’ the topic back to the recognizable topic of adoration at the end. Toward the beginning of the principal quatrain, the speaker starts with their appearance of melancholy utilizing words ordinarily alluding to courtrooms. In the line, â€Å"When to the meetings of sweet quiet thought†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Shakespeare) the word ‘sessions’ would ordinarily allude to the sitting of a court, however with regards to this poem, ‘sessions’ could be deciphered as a period of self reflection, to be specific the speaker’s. The following line, â€Å"I gather up recognition of things past†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Shakespeare), again utilizes an illustration, this time for the word ‘summons’, which regularly would be utilized as far as a court summons, mentioning observers or the charged to show up. For this situation, the speaker ‘summons’ or reviews their old recollections, which need quite a bit of what the speaker looked for throughout everyday life (â€Å"I moan the absence of numerous a thing I sought†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) (Shakespeare), which thus cause the speaker to lament over having burnt through their time (â€Å"And with old misfortunes new cry my dear occasions waste†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) (Shakespeare). In the following quatrain, rather than utilizing analogies of a court, the speaker rather utilizes the analogy of â€Å"death’s dateless night†, in that passing is unceasing and related with the dim. The speaker grieves over his companions ‘hid’ inside this interminable night, and proceeds onto trouble that incorporates previous relationships that the speaker had put behind quite a while in the past (â€Å"And sob once more loves since a long time ago dropped woe†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) (Shakespeare). The speaker at that point expresses that they â€Å"moan the cost of numerous an evaporated sight† (Shakespeare), with the word ‘expense’ meaning the expense or depleting of his assets in lamenting over blurred recollections. This allegory for ‘expense’ prompts another case including terms identified with banking in the following quatrain. The last quatrain proceeds with the topic of thinking about trouble in the work starting with the line, â€Å"Then would i be able to lament at complaints predestined/And vigorously from hardship to misfortune tell o’er† (Shakespeare). The speaker presently laments over past complaints done to him, the ‘woe’ being his distress. Likewise, the words ‘tell o’er’ are a play on the word ‘teller’, as in a bank employee (Oxquarry Books), again a financial illustration which initially implied an individual who gets cash and records figures from a person’s account, yet in the ontext of the piece, the ‘teller’ records the speaker’s distresses. The accompanying lines, â€Å"The pitiful record of front wailed over groan/Which I new compensation as though not paid before† (Shakespeare), again utilize banking illustrations. ‘Account’ in the financial sense alludes to a person’s ledger, however for this situation, alludes to the speaker’s record of complaints, and the speaker’s ‘paying’ of these complaints alludes not to cash being utilized to pay charges, yet the paying of past complaints with the speaker’s trouble. Fortunately for the speaker, the couplet of the poem turns the topic back to one of affection for their companion, with the speaker’s ‘losses’ being reestablished, another representation which alludes back to the similitudes utilized in courts in the main quatrain. The utilization of the word ‘restoration’ would regularly be held for a lawful settlement, for this situation, the speaker’s ‘losses’ are his temperament (one of pity) being lifted up and ‘restored’ to a cheerful state. Using similitudes and figures of speech, Shakespeare can present and build up another topic of pity in his 30th piece, and through a turn in the last couplet, reestablishes the subject of affection for a companion which is found all through Shakespeare’s assortment of works. Shakespeare, William. â€Å"Sonnet 30. † The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed. M. H. Abrams et al. sixth. Ed. The Major Authors. New York: Norton, 2000 The astounding site of Shakespeares Sonnets. October 13, 2007. Oxquarry Books Ltd. January 2007. ; shakespeares-poems. com/xxxcomm. htm;.

Kidney Sale Legalization Essays - Commerce, Organ Trade,

Question: There are numerous patients with renal/kidney ailment sitting tight for kidney transplant. In Iran, the offer of kidneys has been sanctioned. Then again, pundits state that the training is corrupt, the giver are destitute individuals who are being abused. Likewise consider the impact of underground market exercises on organ deal. Do you concur with the sanctioning of offer of kidneys? Why? Reason This paper analyzes the questionable issue of legitimizing kidney deal with the end goal of transplant. It takes a gander at the upsides and downsides from the viewpoint of organ givers and recipients, just as administrative, moral, and financial contemplations. It will give an end and proposal toward the end. Foundation In numerous nations, the quantity of patients with renal malady hanging tight for a kidney transplant is expanding. Be that as it may, there is a broad and genuine deficiency of kidneys for transplantation, a lack that can prompt anguish and demise. One way to deal with handling the lack is for a patient with renal infection to purchase a kidney from a living contributor, who is frequently in a creating nation, a deal that could ? in principle at any rate ? help to lift the giver out of destitution. Such kidney deals are all around illicit. Advocates of kidney deals contend that since the training is far reaching, it is more secure to officially direct it, and that society should regard people?s independent command over their bodies. Pundits express worry about the potential for abuse and compulsion of poor people, and about the mental and physical eventual outcomes on the benefactors of this illicit kidney exchange. Contentions for Legalization Solid people in poor nations ought to be permitted the opportunity and self-sufficiency to pick selling their organ for money related motivator. They are confronted with the intense decision of starving for themselves and their families as opposed to selling their organs. For whatever length of time that the deal is deliberate and not pressured, there is no explanation we ought to prevent them from claiming this opportunity to settle on decisions for themselves. The cash got from the offer of kidney can possibly lift them out of destitution or if nothing else give them a superior life. Patients with renal sickness who have been depending on dialysis for a considerable length of time advantage on the grounds that with a kidney transplant, their disease can be restored for the last time. They don't have to depend on dialysis, which is definitely not a genuine answer for their medical issue. For the individuals who are willing and ready to pay, it offers the expectation of life for them. It is a pity that numerous renal patients kick the bucket hanging tight for the kidney transplant that never happens on the grounds that there is no coordinating kidney for them. By permitting lawful offer of kidneys, the sitting tight rundown for kidney transplant can be totally killed. Underground market exercises will diminish after the offer of kidney for transplant reason for existing is authorized. Right now, Iran is the main nation that has authorized kidney deal. In practically all pieces of the world, the organ exchange for kidney is taken care of by sellers who misuse the poor givers and charges silly significant expenses from the collectors. We can decrease if not take out such exercises in the event that we permit kidneys to be exchanged legitimately. As of now a few specialists who perform kidney transplant activity are engaged with the faulty demonstration of getting kidneys from sketchy sources. The notoriety of the specialists and the related emergency clinics will be harmed, and other criminal operations, for example, pay off may happen. Why not having the deal authoritatively directed? On the off chance that there is a legitimate source to get the organs, we will wipe out faulty exercises at the emergency clinics. Benefactors are likewise better ensured. In the event that the exchange is illicit, a few sellers or ?go betweens? may evacuate kidneys forcibly or without assent of the contributor. Odds are that the activity is acted in unsatisfactory condition, which can make other clinical issues for the givers. Contentions Against Legalization As a matter of first importance, sanctioning kidney deal abuses the pride of the individual and is seen as shameless or deceptive. In the event that human organ is dealt with a similar path as meat of creatures on a butcher?s table and sold for money related advantages, the thought is both indecent and unsatisfactory. We have to have fundamental regard for the human body. It ought not be dealt with like products. Connected at the hip with the indecent perspective is the means by which to

New Year, New Semester

New Year, New Semester This past Saturday was CSC’s (Chinese Students Club) Lunar New Year banquet. For $10 ($8 for members), attendees got to sit at round tables, eat exorbitant amounts of Chinese food, and watch a variety of different performers wow and dazzle them on stage. This year was the first time that I had gone (they host one every year), so I didn’t really know what to expect, but I was excited because the headliner was Shin Lim, a Boston-based magician who had previously appeared on Penn and Teller’s show Fool Us. More on this later. Anyway, it just so happened that the banquet coincided with the arrival of the eastern seaboard’s very own polar vortex, so the trek over to Walker Memorial where the event was to be held was fraught with chattering teeth and stinging faces. According to weather apps, the real-feel temperature with wind chill factored in at the time was -22 degrees Fahrenheit. For perspective, I saw a chart on the internet that claimed just 30 minutes in -22 degree weather would be sufficient for frostbite. Thankfully, we were indoors for most of the trek across campus. Hooray for living in Maseeh! Katherine ’17, Cathy ’17 and I managed to snag an unreserved table in the back with a fairly direct view of the stage. The tables were nicely set with gold spray-painted centerpieces and flowers, in addition to the programs for the night. Food was catered from Jo Jo Taipei. Yum. Sorry for the blurry photos. The acts for the night included performances by: 1. Syncopasian: MIT’s East Asian a capella group 2. Asian Dance Team: MIT’s dance team representing East Asian culture 3. A Freshman Skit: performed by the freshmen representatives on CSC 4. Audrey Amadea: a singer who describes her music as “acoustic, hoppy, plunky, and funky” 5. Lion Dance: MIT’s Lion Dance Team 6. Gene Shinozaki: a professional beatboxer ranked among the top eight in the world 7. Shin Lim: award winning magician that successfully fooled Penn Teller with one of his routines I tried to take some photos of the event with my phone, but there was pretty dim lighting and also my phone doesn’t focus appropriately the way I tell it to. Here are my meager efforts. Try to use your imagination to fill in the blurrier pixels. Gene Shinozaki blowing our minds with his ridiculously awesome beatboxing skills Shin Lim blowing our minds with magic If you are interested in seeing some pretty mind-boggling magic, look up Shin Lim on YouTube and check out some of his videos. If you dont know, Penn Teller are two fairly famous and reputable magicians, so they created a show where magicians perform for them and if the duo cannot figure out how the magic is done, then the magician wins and has fooled Penn Teller. Shing Lim successfully fooled them. I actually watched the YouTube clip at least 5 times before this weekend and it was still amazing live. The night was significantly improved by the fact that a couple of the tables at the event kept flipping out, cheering loudly, and standing up in disbelief and awe. It was highly amusing to watch them react to and interact with the performers. By the end of the night I was stuffed with food and extremely happy that I had decided to celebrate the Lunar New Year with CSC. Just as the Lunar New Year marks the beginning of a new year, this Tuesday will mark the beginning of the third week of the spring semester. Classes are in full swing, though I’m just getting acclimated to how much time needs to be allocated to different psets and readings. I’m fairly optimistic about this semester, based off of what I have experienced thus far. Here is a brief breakdown of the classes I’m taking: ESD.054/ESD.05 [Engineering Leadership and Engineering Leadership Lab]: These two are both 3 unit classes that are a continuation of the GEL (Gordon Engineering Leadership) program that I started last semester. ESD.05 is a two hour lab during which we practice good leadership qualities in a group simulation environment. ESD.054 is more of a theoretical approach to leadership for which we read different articles and writings about leadership that are discussed during class. 20.330 [Fields, Forces, and Flow in Biological Systems]: I have to be honest. This is the course that I am most apprehensive about this semester in terms of difficulty of subject matter. So far we’ve covered a few interesting papers that have recently been published via which we’ve examined different applications and modeling approaches for diffusion of molecules. Later on in the term, we will also be discussing fluid flow in biological systems, as well as applications of electromagnetic fields. There seems to be a resurgence of differential equations in this class, which will certainly keep me on my mathematical toes. 7.06 [Cell Biology]: I ended up dropping this class in the fall, but it’s offered in both semesters (albeit with two different professors) so I’m taking it now. I actually took the first exam in the fall, so I’m fairly familiar with the content being covered now. We’ll see how it goes once we start going into the uncharted territory of cellular function. The class focuses on the topic of cell biology through the lens of experimentation, so the course requires us to become familiar with and comfortable applying different experimental methods. The first day of class, Professor Cheeseman brought in a tank of fluorescent fish, which I thought was a great way to start the semester off. All professors should bring in live animals to the first day of class. 7.38 [Mechanical Cell Biology]: This restricted elective is also taught by Professor Cheeseman, as well as another one of the 7.06 Cell Biology professors from the fall, Professor Martin. Unlike other classes, this one is a smaller class of around fifteen students (about half of which are graduate students) and though there is some lecture on Mondays, every Wednesday is dedicated to the discussion of two research papers that the professors have picked out on different biological phenomena related to forces in biology. Students present one paper, sort of like a journal club, and the other large project for the semester is that we will each be writing a mini-review on a current topic of research. We’ll get to go through a mock process, including having to write a cover letter to an imaginary editor pitching our ideas and getting peer-reviewed. Considering how many reviews I have read over the years and how helpful they are, I’m looking forward to learning more about the process and trying my hand at writing one as well. 4.341 [Introduction to Photography]: I am switching my concentration to CMS, which means this class is going towards fulfilling one of the four CMS courses that I will need to graduate. The class was actually surprisingly hard to get into, as are many CMS and HASS-A courses: apparently around 50 students registered, and there were only 15 slots to fill. Thankfully, as a junior with a CMS concentration, I managed to stay in the class and I am particularly eager to learn more about photography. We’ll not only get to use DSLRs and Photoshop, but we’ll also be learning our way around a darkroom and cameras that use film, plus additional methods of creating images with light. Three hours twice a week can be a little tiring, but it’s definitely worth it. Though we haven’t really started taking any images yet, we’ve spent some time discussing the medium of light and some basic terms for DSLR usage, as well as learning about different artists, like Vivian Maier who was a nanny/phot ographer extraordinaire. The fact that my schedule is rather “holey” is not something that I am thrilled about. Hour long gaps are surprisingly short, since it takes time for you to settle down at a table and get all of your materials out and set-up. It makes finding time for UROPing difficult also, but I am continuing my UROP in the Griffith Lab from last semester, so I will find a way to make it work! Otherwise, I plan to just spend my free hours in the Hayden Library studying and getting as much work done as possible before I head back to my room. Turns out that even though I’m terribly inefficient working at my desk in Maseeh, there is something about the school’s library that focuses me and allows me to get more things done with far less distraction.

Exercise in Revising Descriptive Sentences

This revision exercise will give you practice in writing with specific descriptive details. Instructions Heres the opening sentence from a students report on what she saw one afternoon on a city street: One brisk afternoon in late September, I took a walk down Prospect Street. What follows are six sentences from the students first draft. Revise each of these sentences according to the suggestions. If you think one of your new sentences is too long, break it up into two or three shorter sentences. Of course, theres no single set of correct answers to this exercise. Rely on your imagination to create details that are precise and vivid. Prospect Street Music thudded out of the shop and mingled with some of the other noises of the city. Identify the kind of music that thudded out of the shop, name the shop, and give specific examples of the other noises of the city. Garbage danced along the sidewalk and lay crushed against the curb. For the word garbage, substitute specific examples of litter. A woman reading a book was sitting there. Briefly describe the woman, identify the book she was reading, and specify where she was sitting. Steam blew out of the air vents of a restaurant, carrying with it various smells. Name the restaurant, and identify some of the smells coming out of it. An old man was talking to Annie, even though he was walking by himself. Describe the old man in more detail. A red-faced man was pleading with a traffic cop as the cop was doing something. What was the cop doing? The answers to this exercise are limited only by your imagination. Example Rewritten Descriptive Sentences Electro-pop  thudded out of Shikis Fashions and mingled with the noise of growling engines, pneumatic drills, and people gossiping, arguing, and bargaining on the busy street.Garbage danced along the sidewalk and lay crushed against the curb: cellophane chip bags, crumpled cigarette packs, wine bottles, empty soda cans, and yellow foam boxes from a burger joint.A shrunken woman, with ragged hair bobby-pinned to her skull, was sitting on the curb, moving her lips as she read a romance novel.Steam blew out of the air vents at Dwights Diner, carrying with it smells of coffee, chili, and chicken noodle soup.An old man with a scraggly beard was arguing loudly with a woman he called Annie, even though he was walking by himself.A red-faced man was pleading with a traffic cop, who was calmly filling out a jaywalking ticket.

The Pursuit Of Happiness By Julia K. Boehm And Sonja...

The pursuit of happiness has existed in the world since the beginning of the human existences. Almost everybody around the world have been curious when it comes to the word happy. Many scientists have tried to conduct research to understand what makes certain people happier than another. Since many scientists have researched the topic of happiness; naturally there will be controversy about what makes people joyful. There are two main arguments that take place on the topic of happiness and they are positive psychology can make us happier, but the other side is that positive psychology cannot make us happier. There are always two sides of every story, so let s explore each one. The controversy on one side says that the person s happiness†¦show more content†¦The discipline of learning to be joyful will be hard for cheerless people.One of the strategies that they offer in their journey is being grateful for the materials they have. Studies showed that people who do it all at once tend to have a positive result, instead of spreading the activity throughout the week. So if people will sit down once a week and think about the possessions they are grateful for then this could have a positive effect on their happiness. The other way that a cheerful person could find a car is through reliving a happy memory. This is through videotapes or even videos on their phone. There is a negative way to relive the memory and that is that one should not write it down. This for some reason has a negative effect on the person and makes them unhappy with the results.People who wrote their happy memories they showed and expressed how much they detested the task of writing their memories down. This would not help people who are more prone to unhappiness. These strategies have not been followed up in the long term, so they might just be efficient for a short period of time. This is just one side of the argument, so let s visit the other side of the argument. The other viewpoint is that no matter what strategies that a person uses that they are never in control of their happiness. No matter the event that happens, they will return to the original

Lymphoma Free Essays

Lymphomas are a group of malignant tumors (cancers) that develop from lymphatic tissues and specifically from proliferating lymphocytes.   They are of three types, namely Hodgkin’s lymphoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and Burkitt’s lymphoma (which can also be considered as a type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma).   The incidence of lymphoma in the US is about 64, 000 every year, and more than 493, 000 are living with the disease (Leukemia and Lymphoma Society 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Lymphoma or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a unique malignant condition in which the lymphoid tissues present throughout the body are involved (undergo painless enlargement), and is characterized by the presence of certain tumor known as ‘Reed-Sternberg cells’ (Mackie and Ludlam 1996).   The incidence of Hodgkin’s lymphoma in the US is about 7, 500 annually (Portlock and Yahalom 2000).   Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas are a group of cancerous tumors that arises from the lymphoid tissues and is characterized by the malignant multiplication and growth of the lymphocytes. The Reed-Sternberg cells are absent.   Non-Hodgkin’s can develop in almost any site of the body such as the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, bone marrow, digestive tract, brain, etc.   70 % of all lymphomas belong to the non-Hodgkin’s variety (Mackie and Ludlam 1996), and about 50, 000 people developed this condition in the US in 1997 (Shipp and Harris 2000).   Burkitt’s lymphoma is an aggressive variant of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that arises from the B-lymphocytes.   It is associated with the EB virus, and more often occurs in young children (Mackie and Ludlam 1996). The exact cause of Lymphomas and the manner in which the disease occurs is still not understood properly.   Several factors including immunodeficiency states (which may be congenital or acquired), infectious diseases, chemical substances (including certain drugs, solvents, pesticides, fertilizers, herbicides, etc), physical agents, autoimmune conditions, etc, may be associated with the disease (Shipp and Harris 2000).   In immune disorders, the body’s defense mechanism is compromised, and persistent antigenic stimulation may result in the development of lymphomas. In several congenital disorders, such as Wiscott-Alcridge syndrome, common variable immunodeficiency and severe combined immunodeficiency may be related with certain lymphomas.   Several acquired immune disorders such as post-transplant states, AIDS, administration of immunosuppressant, etc, may be associated with lymphomas.   Individuals suffering from various autoimmune disorders such as Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, Sjogren’s syndrome, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, etc, may be associated with lymphomas. Several infectious agents such as H. pylori, EB virus, HTL Virus-1, Hepatitis C virus, Kaposi’s Sarcoma-causing virus (that is linked to the HIV virus) may be associated with the development of lymphomas (Shipp and Harris 2000). Genetic factors also play a very important role ion the development of lymphomas, as the incidence is higher in siblings (than ordinary population) and identical twins (compared to non-identical twins) (Portlock and Yahalom 2000). The tumor cells present in Hodgkin’s lymphoma is known as ‘Reed-Sternberg cells’ (large in size with 2 nucleus) which may be present in lower numbers compared to other inflammatory cells.   Based on the amount and the manifestations of the Reed-Sternberg cells, Hodgkin’s lymphoma can be classified into 4 types.   As the number of Reed-Sternberg cells increases and the lymphocytes drop, the diseases progresses, spreads to several areas of the body (including the extra-nodal sites) and has a poorer outcome (Portlock and Yahalom 2000). Various modalities are currently utilized to stop and fight the disease namely, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, immunotherapy, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, and gene therapy (ehealth MD 2004).   These individual modalities may be required alone or in combination with each other to effectively treat the disease and reduce the adverse-effects. Chemotherapy is the administration of certain agents (usually utilizing multiple drugs) into the blood that destroys the cancerous cells and reduces their uncontrollable multiplication (Shipp and Harris 2000).   Radiotherapy is administered to the affected site to shrink the size of the tumor by destroying cancerous cells.   Both these therapies may be required in combination with each other (ehealth MD 2004).   Bone marrow transplantations are performed to replace the bone marrow affected with the chemotherapy and replace with healthy tissue that can restore the WBC counts (Mackie and Ludlam 1996). Immunotherapy is a treatment modality in which certain substances known as ‘cytokines’ are administered which stimulate the white blood cells to capture and destroy the cancerous cells.   Some of the cytokines that are frequently utilized include interferon and interleukin.   Monoclonal antibodies can also be administered that help the body’s defense cells to fight the cancerous cells.   They usually attach themselves to the cancerous cells, which are later identified and destroyed by the white blood cells. Vaccines are also being manufactured that could prevent infections associated with lymphoma.   Angiogenesis Inhibitors are medications that prevent the formation of new blood vessels in the body.   They can be administered locally in the area of the tumor, such that the blood vessels that feed the tumor are destroyed.   In this way the cancerous cells are deprived of nutrition and may slowly degenerate.   Gene therapy involves correcting the defect in the DNA so that the cancerous cells do not multiply uncontrollably, or certain molecules are attached which cause the cancerous cell to die (ehealth MD 2004). References: E-Health MD. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2007 Apr 16]. Available from: http://www.ehealthmd.com/library/lymphoma/NHL_treatment.html Mackie, MJ, Ludlam, CA 1996. Diseases of the Blood. Edwards, CRW, Bouchier, IAD, Haslett, C, editors Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine. 17th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. p. 815-821. Portlock, CS, Yahalon, J 2000. Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. Goldman, L, Bennett, JC, editors Textbook of Medicine. 21st ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. p. 969-977. Shipp, MA, Harris NL 2000. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas. Goldman, L, Bennett, JC, editors Textbook of Medicine. 21st ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. p. 962-969. The Leukemia and Lymphoma Society. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2007 Apr 16]. Available from: http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_page?item_id=7030                How to cite Lymphoma, Essay examples

Four Cardinal Virtues Essay Example For Students

Four Cardinal Virtues Essay In our study of the four cardinal virtues we have been learning many ideas andtheories on how to live the good life. It was very difficult in thebeginning of this semester to define what the good life means. Afterstudying the virtues and their theories it became very clear to us what thegood life is all about. Josef Pieper, the author of the book we have beenstudying, has made it very simple to understand how to be a good human being. Christian thinking and morality has played a major role in the understanding ofthe four virtues. The so-called four cardinal virtues that we have been studyingare prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance. According to Pieper these fourvirtues are the key elements in trying to achieve the highest good. Pieperbelieves that these virtues are necessary in order for a human being to fulfillthe Christian image of man. These virtues exercise a persons moral,spiritual, emotional, and physical self. Every virtue has its own importancewith prudence being the most important, or mother of all virtues. The order ofimportance of these virtues is as follows, from most to least important:prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance. To study these virtues we beganwith the virtue of prudence and worked our way down. We began to realize thatthese virtues are very dependent on the virtues that are above in importance. For example, fortitude depends on prudence and justice. You cannot havefortitude without first achieving prudence and justice. This distinction makesthese virtues very interesting and as a result presents a strong case as to whythey are crucial for human beings to possess. The ability to attain all of thesevirtues is something that all humans should strive for because it would be tothe best for society. In the following I will analyze each virtue separately andshow how they all tie together to form the Christian image of man. First Iwill start with the most important virtue of them all, prudence, and then moveon to justice, fortitude, and finally temperance. The first and most importantvirtue is the virtue of prudence. This is known as the mother of all virtuesbecause it is the first step towards working to become a good human being. none but the prudent man can be just, brave, and temperate, and the goodman is good in so far as he is prudent. This quote here is the bestexplanation that can be given to show the importance of prudence to theChristian doctrine of man. From this quote we see that prudence is necessary inorder for a human being to be just, brave, and temperate. The reason prudence isso crucial is because it is the ability to make good decisions. In order for ahuman being to be able to make good decisions he or she must be able to knowwhat is good and what is not good. There is a very special relationship betweenthe virtue of prudence and the idea of good. Classical Christian ethicsmaintains that man can be prudent and good only simultaneously; that prudence ispart and parcel of the definition of goodness. It is very important for oneto understand this unique relationship between prudence and the idea ofgoodness. One cannot have one without the other. Prudence is the whole idea ofone being able to rec ognize what is good and always be able to act in the goodway. We will see later how this relationship is also very vital to the virtue ofjustice. The virtue of prudence is the hardest to attain due to the fact that ahuman being must be able to recognize what is good. This makes it necessary forthe person to also be able to know what is good and what constitutes what goodis. This is not something that we can all be able to do overnight; the abilityto know what is good is something that can only be attained through moral andjust thinking. When a person begins to recognize the good and act in moral andjust ways, that is when he or she has attained the virtue of prudence and hasbecome a prudent human being. It has been necessary for me to use the words justand moral because one cannot talk about prudence without mentioning everythingit deals with. Although justice is the next virtue in the order and is dependenton prudence, one must still use the concept of justice when explaining prude ncebecause that is what prudence is, just actions. there is no sort ofjustice and fortitude which runs counter to the virtue of prudence; and that theunjust man has been imprudent before and is imprudent at the moment he isunjust. Here, Pieper makes it clear to us that an imprudent man will beunjust in his actions. To show how important prudence is to the Christian imageof man, Pieper states the following: Prudence is the cause of the othervirtues being virtues at all. Well, I have already explained that for aperson to fulfill the Christian image of man he or she must first attain thefour cardinal virtues. And if prudence is the cause of the other three virtues,then it must be the basis of the Christian image of man. If prudence is thebasis of the Christian image of man, it is very important for every human beingto try to become prudent so that he or she can become a person of goodness. After saying all that, it becomes clear that the Christian image of man is animage that calls for human beings to be good. This is why the most crucial partof attaining the four virtues is being able to recognize and know what the goodis. Prudence is the ?measure of justice, of fortitude, of temperance.This is also very important because it shows how justice, fortitude, andtemperance are not only dependent on prudence; they are also measured byprudence. What Pieper means when he says measured is this: ..the decree ofprudence is the prototype and the pre-existing form of which all ethically goodaction is the transcript. In other words a good action becomes just, brave,and temperate due to the decree of prudence. This goes back to what I was sayingabout the good and prudence; the relationship is that whatever is good mustfirst have been prudent. Since prudence calls for the person to be able torecognize the good, a person must then have knowledge about reality. Theknowledge of reality is important because one must be able to know what is goodin a situation. In order for a person to be able to do this he or she mustunderstand the principles of reason and the singulars with which ethical actionis concerned. I believe that all of these actions and realizations are there sothat a person may be able to find the just action. This will then lead me to thenext virtue in order, which is the virtue of justice. The virtue of justice isthe next virtue in line of importance. This virtue is very dependent on thevirtue of prudence for many obvious reasons. The virtue of justice is one whichcalls for persons to give other persons what is due to them. An unjust person isone who takes or withholds something that belongs to someone else. All justorder in the world is based on this: that man give man what is his due. Abovewe saw how justice was closely tied to prudence. I also explained how prudenceis a virtue, which teaches humans to know the good. Justice is something thatcomes se cond: right comes before justice. This piece of text explains theconcept of right comes before justice. As we have seen justice is a virtue,which depends on prudence, and prudence is the ability to recognize what isright. Once a person understands this, it becomes evident as to why prudenceprecedes justice. Justice asks the human person to act rightly; before a personcan do that he or she must know what is right. Prudence is what teaches us whatthe right and good are and then a person can become just. This is very uniqueamongst all of the virtues, the fact that one aspect of a virtue affects thenext virtue in line. This very unique relationship shows the importance ofhumans being fully moral. A person cannot act justly while imprudent; this isimpossible. Once a person becomes prudent then he or she can move on to actjustly. Justice states that man must receive what is his due. This claim hascaused much controversy on how do we know, as humans, what is our due. One ofthe answers that Pieper gives is based on the fact that man is given certainrights through creation. It is through creation that the created being firstcomes to have his rights. This does not mean that God owes us certain rightsfor being created; God does not owe us anything, it is the fellow humans whomust give each other what it rightfully theirs. All humans, as a community, mustrecognize what is ours and must not infringe on anybody elses property. Thisis where justice plays its most important role in society. Justice is there sothat we do not hurt each other by not treating each other fairly. Justice, inits basic form, keeps all humans aware of the fact that we all have rights andmust respect each others rights. For example: if I am asked by another personto do a certain job for him for a specific amount of money and we do thisthrough mutual agreement, then that person is obliged to pay me. There are manyother factors that play a role in this situation, however considering that I dothe job to f ulfill what we agreed on, then that person owes me a certain due. Itis unjust if that person does not pay what he promised me if I gave him what Isaid I would. This very simple situation brings justice in to play, and justiceis the reason that I now have something due to me. If that person is a justperson then he will pay me. Humans deal with each other in everyday life in manysituations. Usually justice is the basic element that builds trust betweenindividuals. If I see someone act in an unjust manner then I will not beinclined to trust that person. In order for us to trust and respect each otherwe must learn to be just with one another. Once a person develops the notion toact justly and not try to hurt another person, then he or she has taken a bigstep forward towards fulfilling the Christian image of man. Then it becomesnecessary to move on and try to develop and attain the next virtue towardsbecoming a Christian human, which is fortitude. I will now move on to explainwhat fortit ude is and its role in the process of becoming a Christian being. Iwill also show how this virtue is dependent on the previous two, prudence andjustice. This next virtue, fortitude, is the one that interested me the most inour study of the four virtues. The reason it interested me so much is because ofwhat it explains in human beings actions. The virtue of fortitude is the onevirtue that deals with suffering and injury; but deals with it in a manner whereit justifies humans death in certain situations. This may sound verycomplicated; but it is really very simple and is crucial in the process offulfilling the ideal Christian image of man. Fortitude is the readiness to giveup ones life, suffer injury, and be brave in the name of something that is justand moral. Fortitude is basically readiness to die or, more accurately,readiness to fall, to die, in battle. However, the battle must be one that isfor a just and moral cause. If a human believes that there is injustice andimmorality in a ny sort, then he or she must fight against the injustice andimmorality no matter how much pain and suffering they face. The ultimate test offortitude would be death for a good cause. I have already written a short paperon this specific issue. Death is considered to be the ultimate test of fortitudedue to the fact that a human faces the biggest fear in life, which is death. Revenge at it's Sweetest EssayOnly the former makes for self-preservation; the latter is destructive. Thispiece of text shows the fact that the sole thing that can throw a person intodestruction is the self. In other words it is our self-being that controls whathappens around us. If we want to live in a just, moral, and good society thenour self-being can see that this occurs. Most difficult to grasp is the factthat it is indeed the essential human self that is capable of throwing itselfinto disorder to the point of self-destruction. This is the one unique anddistinct point in the virtue of temperance. This virtue is the only virtue thatdeals with the human self. Temperantia is distinguished from the othercardinal virtues by the fact that it refers exclusively to the active manhimself. Prudence looks to all existent reality; justice to the fellow man; theman of fortitude relinquishes, in self-forgetfulness, his own possessions andhis life. Temperance, on the other hand, aims at eac h man himself. To sumthings up, I have tried to show how a person who attains these four cardinalvirtues can become the ideal Christian being. This does not mean you have to beChristian in order to attain these virtues, because when we say the idealChristian being, we mean a good person. All humans who attain these four virtuesare people who have dedicated their self-being and life to do what God asks fromall of us. What I have tried to show is how these four virtues are distinct fromeach other but yet so dependent and connected with one another. Humans mustunderstand that we are not living our lives so that we may enjoy pleasure andwealth at the expense of the rest of society. We are all on earth together andeverything we do affects each other. Therefore we must try our hardest to onlyinvolve ourselves in good action; in this way our action will affect the rest ofsociety in only a good manner. I have also tried to express the importance ofunderstanding what the good is. Humans are good in nature; sometimes it is oursurroundings that make us act immorally and in a bad fashion. This is why it isnecessary to always try and keep a good surrounding. This can be achieved if allhumans attain the four cardinal virtues. Therefore, in order to live in asociety that is full of nothing but justice, morality, and good; we must allwork towards fulfilling the Christian image of man. This can be achieved simplyby attaining the Four Cardinal Virtues.